The list of safety equipment changes depending on the size of the boat.
Boats Less Then 16' In Length;
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Personal Flotation Device: One Type I, II, III, or V Coast Guard approved personal flotation device must be carried for each person on board. They must be readily accessible and of an appropriate size for the intended wearer.
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Fire Extinguisher: One Type B-I Coast Guard approved fire extinguisher must be carried when no fixed fire extinguishing system is installed in machinery spaces. Extinguishers are not required for outboard motorboats less than 26 feet in length and of open construction. No portable extinguishers are required if an approved, fixed fire extinguishing system is installed in machinery spaces.
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Backfire Flame Arrestor: A Coast Guard approved backfire flame arrestor is required for
inboard gasoline motors which are not exposed to the atmosphere above the level of the gunwale. Muffling System: An effective muffling system is required for the exhaust of each internal combustion engine. Unmodified outboards usually meet legal requirements.
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Sound Signaling Devices: A vessel of less than 39.4' (12 meters) must be able to provide a means of making an efficient sound signal but is not required to carry a whistle or bell.
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Visual Distress Signals (Coastal Waters Only): Boats less than 16 feet of completely open construction and not equipped with propulsion machinery, and boats competing in an organized marine parade, regatta, race, or similar event are only required between sunset and sunrise to carry aboard devices that are suitable for night use.
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Navigation Lights: Navigation lights must be kept in serviceable condition and displayed between sunset and sunrise and at times of restricted visibility.
For boat 16 feet in length or greater and for more info please see this link; http://www.state.nj.us/njsp/maritime/remember.html